Usage of the character 夜

(coll.) the night before lunisolar New Year's Eve
(Tw) the night before New Year's Eve (either lunisolar or Gregorian)
(old) Little New Year's Eve (the 23rd or 24th of the 12th lunisolar month, when people offer sacrifices to the kitchen god)

yèdàxué

夜大学

[夜大學]

evening college

niányèfàn

年夜饭

[年夜飯]

New Year's Eve family dinner

xiǎoyèqǔ

小夜曲

[小夜曲]

serenade

línyèyīng

林夜鹰

[林夜鷹]

(bird species of China) savanna nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis)

yèzǒnghuì

夜总会

[夜總會]

nightclub; nightspot

yèxiāngmù

夜香木

[夜香木]

night-blooming jessamine (Cestrum nocturnum)

yèyóuzhèng

夜游症

[夜遊症]

somnambulism
sleepwalking

shàngbànyè

上半夜

[上半夜]

first half of the night
time before midnight

yèshēnghuó

夜生活

[夜生活]

night life

yèshìjìng

夜视镜

[夜視鏡]

night vision device

Quǎnyèchà

犬夜叉

[犬夜叉]

Inuyasha, fictional character

zōngyèlù

棕夜鹭

[棕夜鷺]

(bird species of China) rufous night heron (Nycticorax caledonicus)

Píng'ān Yè

平安夜

[平安夜]

Silent Night (Christmas carol)
Christmas Eve

yīyèqíng

一夜情

[一夜情]

one night stand

yèshénxiān

夜神仙

[夜神仙]

night owl
late sleeper

yèxíngxìng

夜行性

[夜行性]

nocturnal

yèláixiāng

夜来香

[夜來香]

tuberose (Agave amica)
night-blooming jessamine (Cestrum nocturnum) (aka 夜香木 (yèxiàngmu))

kāiyèchē

开夜车

[開夜車]

to burn the midnight oil
to work late into the night

Wànshèngyè

万圣夜

[萬聖夜]

Halloween (abbr. for 萬聖節前夜／万圣节前夜 ( Wànshèngjié Qiányè))

yèmángzhèng

夜盲症

[夜盲症]

night blindness
nyctalopia

yèshìyí

夜视仪

[夜視儀]

night vision device

yèpénr

夜盆儿

[夜盆兒]

chamber pot

ōuyèyīng

欧夜鹰

[歐夜鷹]

(bird species of China) European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus)

yèxiāor

夜宵儿

[夜宵兒]

erhua variant of 夜宵 (yèxiāo)

yèxíngzhòufú

夜行昼伏

[夜行晝伏]

to travel at night and lie low by day (idiom)

Aījíyèyīng

埃及夜鹰

[埃及夜鷹]

(bird species of China) Egyptian nightjar (Caprimulgus aegyptius)

yèchuángfúwù

夜床服务

[夜床服務]

(hospitality industry) turndown service

zhòufúyèchū

昼伏夜出

[晝伏夜出]

nocturnal
to hide by day and come out at night

Bāshānyèyǔ

巴山夜雨

[巴山夜雨]

rain on Mt Ba (idiom); lonely in a strange land
Evening Rain, 1980 movie about the Cultural Revolution

Tiānfāng Yètán

天方夜谭

[天方夜譚]

The Arabian Nights (classic story)

pǔtōngyèyīng

普通夜鹰

[普通夜鷹]

(bird species of China) grey nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka)

yèmùdīchuí

夜幕低垂

[夜幕低垂]

darkness fell (falls, had fallen etc)

hēitiān-bànyè

黑天半夜

[黑天半夜]

in the middle of the night

máotuǐyèyīng

毛腿夜鹰

[毛腿夜鷹]

(bird species of China) great eared nightjar (Lyncornis macrotis)

yèsècāngmáng

夜色苍茫

[夜色蒼茫]

gathering dusk

zhòuduǎnyècháng

昼短夜长

[晝短夜長]

the winter days are short and the nights long (idiom)

mànmànchángyè

漫漫长夜

[漫漫長夜]

endless night (idiom); fig. long suffering

chángyènánmíng

长夜难明

[長夜難明]

lit. many nights under a harsh moon
long years of oppression (idiom)

bùfēnzhòuyè

不分昼夜

[不分晝夜]

day and night
round-the-clock

yèbùchéngmián

夜不成眠

[夜不成眠]

to be unable to sleep at night

Zhōngyàyèyīng

中亚夜鹰

[中亞夜鷹]

(bird species of China) Vaurie's nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus)

áogēngshǒuyè

熬更守夜

[熬更守夜]

to stay up through the night (idiom)

tiǎodēngyèzhàn

挑灯夜战

[挑燈夜戰]

to raise a lantern and fight at night (idiom); fig. to work into the night
to burn the midnight oil

shēngēngbànyè

深更半夜

[深更半夜]

in the dead of night (idiom)

méirìméiyè

没日没夜

[沒日沒夜]

day and night
regardless of the time of day or night

zhòuyèjiélü

昼夜节律

[晝夜節律]

circadian rhythm

chángwěiyèyīng

长尾夜鹰

[長尾夜鷹]

(bird species of China) large-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus)

sùxīngyèmèi

夙兴夜寐

[夙興夜寐]

to rise early and sleep late (idiom); to work hard
to study diligently
to burn the candle at both ends

chèyèbùmián

彻夜不眠

[徹夜不眠]

to be sleepless all night

Yèlángzìdà

夜郎自大

[夜郎自大]

lit. Yelang thinks highly of itself (idiom)
fig. foolish conceit

tiānfāngyètán

天方夜谭

[天方夜譚]

fantasy story

yèlánrénjìng

夜阑人静

[夜闌人靜]

the still of the night (idiom)
late at night

bànyèsāngēng

半夜三更

[半夜三更]

in the depth of night
late at night

sāngēngbànyè

三更半夜

[三更半夜]

in the depth of the night; very late at night

yīyèzhījiān

一夜之间

[一夜之間]

(lit. and fig.) overnight

yèmùjiànglín

夜幕降临

[夜幕降臨]

nightfall

yīyèwúmián

一夜无眠

[一夜無眠]

to have a sleepless night

yèyǐjìrì

夜以继日

[夜以繼日]

night and day (idiom); continuous strenuous effort

yèbùbìhù

夜不闭户

[夜不閉戶]

lit. doors not locked at night (idiom); fig. stable society

bǐzhòuzuòyè

俾昼作夜

[俾晝作夜]

to make day as night (idiom, from Book of Songs); fig. to prolong one's pleasure regardless of the hour

yèshēnrénjìng

夜深人静

[夜深人靜]

in the dead of night (idiom)

chángyèmànmàn

长夜漫漫

[長夜漫漫]

endless night (idiom); fig. long suffering

yīyèbàohóng

一夜爆红

[一夜爆紅]

to become popular overnight

rìyèjiānchéng

日夜兼程

[日夜兼程]

to travel day and night

yèbùguīsù

夜不归宿

[夜不歸宿]

to stay out all night (idiom)

yīyèlùshui

一夜露水

[一夜露水]

one-night stand
ephemeral

bǐyèzuòzhòu

俾夜作昼

[俾夜作晝]

lit. to make night as day (idiom); fig. to burn the midnight oil
work especially hard

bǔzhòubǔyè

卜昼卜夜

[卜晝卜夜]

day and night (to toil, to abandon oneself to pleasure etc)

sùyèfěixiè

夙夜匪懈

[夙夜匪懈]

to work from morning to night (idiom)

Wànshèngjié Qiányè

万圣节前夜

[萬聖節前夜]

Halloween

Chūnjiānghuāyuèyè

春江花月夜

[春江花月夜]

River on a spring night, long yuefu poem by 張若虛／张若虚 ( Zhāng Ruòxū)

lánxūyèfēnghǔ

蓝须夜蜂虎

[藍鬚夜蜂虎]

(bird species of China) blue-bearded bee-eater (Nyctyornis athertoni)

zhòuyèpíngfēndiǎn

昼夜平分点

[晝夜平分點]

the equinox

dòngfánghuāzhúyè

洞房花烛夜

[洞房花燭夜]

wedding night

Yīqiān Líng Yī Yè

一千零一夜

[一千零一夜]

The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

Zhòngxiàyèzhīmèng

仲夏夜之梦

[仲夏夜之夢]

Midsummer night's dream, comedy by William Shakespeare 莎士比亞／莎士比亚 ( Shāshìbǐyà)

wūlòugèngzāoliányèyǔ

屋漏更遭连夜雨

[屋漏更遭連夜雨]

when it rains, it pours (idiom)

wūlòupiānféngliányèyǔ

屋漏偏逢连夜雨

[屋漏偏逢連夜雨]

when it rains, it pours (idiom)

pòwūyòuzāoliányèyǔ

破屋又遭连夜雨

[破屋又遭連夜雨]

see 屋漏偏逢連夜雨／屋漏偏逢连夜雨 (wūlòupiānféngliányèyǔ)

mǎwúyècǎobùféi,rénwúwàikuàibùfù

马无夜草不肥，人无外快不富

[馬無夜草不肥，人無外快不富]

a horse cannot get fat without an extra ration, a man cannot get rich without an extra income (idiom)

píngshēngbùzuòkuīxīnshì,bànyèqiāoménxīnbùjīng

平生不做亏心事，半夜敲门心不惊

[平生不做虧心事，半夜敲門心不驚]

He who never wrongs others does not fear the knock in the night.
Rest with a clear conscience.