清末民初

Traditional form:

清末民初

Pinyin (reading):

Qīngmò Mínchū

Definitions:

• the late Qing and early Republic, i.e. China around 1911

Characters:

• 清 - clean, pure; clear, distinct; peaceful
• 末 - end, final, last; insignificant
• 民 - citizens, subjects; a nation's people
• 初 - beginning, initial, primary

Traditional characters:

• 清 - clean, pure; clear, distinct; peaceful
• 末 - end, final, last; insignificant
• 民 - citizens, subjects; a nation's people
• 初 - beginning, initial, primary