明末清初

Traditional form:

明末清初

Pinyin (reading):

Míngmò Qīngchū

Definitions:

• late Ming and early Qing
• around the middle of the 17th century

Characters:

• 明 - bright, clear; to explain, to understand, to shed light
• 末 - end, final, last; insignificant
• 清 - clean, pure; clear, distinct; peaceful
• 初 - beginning, initial, primary

Traditional characters:

• 明 - bright, clear; to explain, to understand, to shed light
• 末 - end, final, last; insignificant
• 清 - clean, pure; clear, distinct; peaceful
• 初 - beginning, initial, primary