Usage of the character 參

Cao Can (-190 BC), second chancellor of Han Dynasty, contributed to its founding by fighting on Liu Bang's 劉邦／刘邦 ( Liú Bāng) side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭／楚汉战争 ( Chǔ Hàn Zhànzhēng)
also pr. ( Cáo Shēn)

cēncī

参差

[參差]

uneven; jagged; snaggletooth; ragged; serrated

cānjiā

参加

[參加]

to participate
to take part
to join

chuáncān

传参

[傳參]

to pass an argument (computing) (abbr. for 傳遞參數／传递参数 (chuándìcānshù))

cānbàn

参半

[參半]

half
half and half
both ... and ...
just as much ... as ...
equally

cānjiào

参校

[參校]

to proofread
to revise one or more editions of a text using an authoritative edition as a source book
to editorially revise a text

cānzhào

参照

[參照]

to consult a reference
to refer to (another document)

cānkǎo

参考

[參考]

consultation
reference
to consult
to refer

cānzhèng

参政

[參政]

to be involved in politics
participation in politics

shēnróng

参茸

[參茸]

ginseng and young deer antler (used in TCM)

hǎishēn

海参

[海參]

sea cucumber

cānyuàn

参院

[參院]

abbr. for 參議院／参议院 (cānyìyuàn), senate
upper chamber (of legislative assembly)

cānxuǎn

参选

[參選]

to be a candidate in an election or other selection process
to run for office
to turn out to vote

Cānsūn

参孙

[參孫]

Samson (name)
biblical hero around 1100 BC

cānyù

参与

[參與]

to participate (in sth)

cānsài

参赛

[參賽]

to compete
to take part in a competition

cānyè

参谒

[參謁]

to visit
to pay one's respects to (a revered figure etc)
to pay homage (at a tomb etc)

cānjiāzhě

参加者

[參加者]

participant

cānyìyuàn

参议院

[參議院]

senate
upper chamber (of legislative assembly)

xīyángshēn

西洋参

[西洋參]

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

shēnjītāng

参鸡汤

[參雞湯]

samgyetang, popular Korean chicken soup with ginseng, spices etc

cānmóuzhǎng

参谋长

[參謀長]

chief of staff

cānsàizhě

参赛者

[參賽者]

competitor
CL:名 (míng)

cānfǎngtuán

参访团

[參訪團]

delegation

cānyùzhě

参与者

[參與者]

participant

cānkǎoshū

参考书

[參考書]

reference book

cānkǎoxì

参考系

[參考系]

frame of reference

cānxuǎnlü

参选率

[參選率]

voter turnout

cānzhàoxì

参照系

[參照系]

frame of reference
coordinate frame (math.)

cānyìyuán

参议员

[參議員]

senator

Gāolíshēn

高丽参

[高麗參]

Koryo ginseng

Cānkǎ'ěr

参卡尔

[參卡爾]

Ivan Cankar (1876-1918), Slovenian modernist writer

Shēnxiùqī

参宿七

[參宿七]

Rigel (star)
lit. seventh star of the Three Stars Chinese constellation

Chuāndǎngshēn

川党参

[川黨參]

Sichuan codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula, root used in TCM)

cānzhèngquán

参政权

[參政權]

suffrage
voting rights

Hǎishēnwǎi

海参崴

[海參崴]

Haishenwai, traditional Chinese name for Vladivostok 符拉迪沃斯托克 ( Fúlādíwòsītuōkè)

cānxuǎnrén

参选人

[參選人]

election participant
candidate

huāqíshēn

花旗参

[花旗參]

American ginseng

xièjuécānguān

谢绝参观

[謝絕參觀]

closed to visitors
no admittance

huǐyù-cānbàn

毁誉参半

[毀譽參半]

(idiom) to receive both praise and criticism; to get mixed reviews

jǐnzuòcānkǎo

仅作参考

[僅作參考]

for reference only

xǐyōucānbàn

喜忧参半

[喜憂參半]

to have mixed feelings (about sth)

shíjìcānshù

实际参数

[實際參數]

(computing) actual parameter; argument

cēncībùqí

参差不齐

[參差不齊]

(idiom) variable
uneven
irregular

Cānkǎo Xiāoxī

参考消息

[參考消息]

Reference News (PRC limited-distribution daily newspaper)

jǐngōngcānkǎo

仅供参考

[僅供參考]

for reference only

cānkǎowénxiàn

参考文献

[參考文獻]

cited material
reference (to the literature)
bibliography

cānliàngkōngjiān

参量空间

[參量空間]

moduli space (math.)
parameter space

húchángcānshù

弧长参数

[弧長參數]

parametrization by arc length (of a space curve)

cānkǎocáiliào

参考材料

[參考材料]

reference material
source documents

zhèngzécānshù

正则参数

[正則參數]

regular parametrization

zǒngcānmóuzhǎng

总参谋长

[總參謀長]

(military) Chief of Staff

cānkǎozīliào

参考资料

[參考資料]

reference material
bibliography

cēncīcuòluò

参差错落

[參差錯落]

uneven and jumbled (idiom); irregular and disorderly
in a tangled mess

cānmóuzǒngzhǎng

参谋总长

[參謀總長]

army Chief of Staff

zēngliàngcānshù

增量参数

[增量參數]

incremental parameter

Zǒngcānmóubù

总参谋部

[總參謀部]

(military) General Staff Headquarters

cānkǎotuǒqiútǐ

参考椭球体

[參考橢球體]

reference ellipsoid (geodesy)

Měiguó Cānyìyuàn

美国参议院

[美國參議院]

United States Senate

xuǎnmíncānjiālü

选民参加率

[選民參加率]

voter participation rate

nüzǐcānzhèngquán

女子参政权

[女子參政權]

women's suffrage